Extensive archival research identified two potential locations for the wreck site, which were searched by a small team in May 1998. The two ships, Esmeralda and São Pedro, were commanded by da Gama’s maternal uncles, Vicente and Brás Sodré. The Portuguese ships that were the target of this research, and the ensuing searches, are two of the most interesting and early European ship losses to have occurred in Oman and the greater Western Indian Ocean. The geophysical survey was complicated by environmental conditions, but succeeded in locating all the cultural heritage material in the bay. The remains of at least one of these ships were found in 1998, prompting a search for the second ship to be undertaken in 2013. Two Portuguese ships from Vasco da Gama’s second voyage to India that were left behind in the Gulf of Aden to disrupt maritime trade through the Red Sea were wrecked during a storm in 1503 off the coast of Al Hallaniyah Island, Oman.
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